Dr. Mritunjay Shall Peelam

The rapidly developing discipline of quantum computing (QC) employs ideas from quantum physics to improve the performance of traditional computers and other devices. Because of the dramatically improved speed at which it processes data, it can be applied to various issues. QC has many potential applications, but three of the most exciting applications are unstructured search, quantum simulation, and network optimisation. Several existing technologies, such as machine learning, may benefit from its increased speed and precision. In this study, the authors explore how the principles of QC might be applied to the Internet of Things (IoT) to improve its accuracy, speed, and security. Several approaches exist for achieving this goal, such as network optimisation in IoT using QC, faster computation at IoT endpoints, securing IoT using QC, quantum sensors for IoT, quantum digital marketing, and quantum-secured smart locks.

The modern world is driven by data, making its protection critical in Industry 4.0 environments. This paper analyses a Quantum-IoT-based data protection scheme integrating quantum computing, blockchain, and IoT. It highlights how post-quantum cryptographic mechanisms and distributed systems can enhance security, improve trust, and address limitations of existing architectures. The study also explores future-ready innovations enabled by quantum technologies for secure and efficient data-driven systems.

Designing an Emergency Vehicle Management (EVM) system that can provide competent services with the shortest possible delay is challenging. This is primarily due to the highly complex environments in which they are deployed and the diverse scenarios a vehicle could face after deployment. Compared to other types of vehicles, emergency vehicles operate under time-critical circumstances, move at much higher speeds, and require much greater alertness from the driver. Traditionally, emergency vehicles have not relied on dedicated smart/intelligent systems for increased safety and effectiveness. While much research has been carried out to improve the services of commercial and non-commercial vehicles in general, road emergency vehicles have not received the same research attention. The role of emergency vehicles in new environments (e.g., smart cities) will become increasingly important. To address …

The rapid advancements in digital technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), mixed reality (MR), extended reality (XR), and the internet of things (IoT) have revolutionized various sectors, including education. Metaverse, a convergence of these transformative technologies, offers immersive, personalized, and interactive experiences, making it a powerful tool in modern education. This paper explores the Metaverse’s role in enhancing education by examining its architecture, types, and components while addressing practical implementation challenges, and follows a structured review protocol to ensure a comprehensive analysis, including systematic research, paper selection, and a critical examination of relevant studies from reputable databases such as Google Scholar, IEEE Xplore, ACM, and Springer. The research objectives focus on evaluating the Metaverse’s …

The Cosmos blockchain is a decentralized network of independent blockchains that addresses scalability and interoperability difficulties in blockchain architecture. Through the use of the Tendermint consensus mechanism and the Inter-Blockchain Communication (IBC) protocol, the Cosmos blockchain enables transactions that are both safe and smooth across a variety of blockchain platforms. One of the most important aspects of its design is the Atom token, which is responsible for ensuring the safety and governance of the network and, as a result, improving interactions across different chains. This comprehensive study covers various topics, including analyzing the techniques that facilitate communication between different blockchain systems. Exploring the subtleties of Cosmos blockchain’ architecture and assessing the usefulness and efficiency of the system through a review of transaction data and Atom token …

Key distribution techniques are indispensable for maintaining privacy, preventing unauthorized access, and safeguarding sensitive data in consumer electronics networks. Several recent research works focused on developing conventional key distribution protocols for consumer electronics networks. However, conventional key distribution algorithms face several limitations in consumer electronic networks, like key management complexity, key storage issues, and cost and resource constraints with increasing consumer electronic devices. Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) techniques overcome the limitations of conventional key distribution techniques and have several advantages, such as eavesdropping detection, intercept-resend attack resilience, trusted party independence, etc. Despite such advantages, no research has explored the potential of QKD techniques in consumer electronics networks. Addressing this …

The evolution from 1G to 6G networks has transformed global communication, progressing from basic voice calls in 1G to the immersive, AI-enabled experiences of 6G. As emerging AI-driven applications like autonomous systems, the Internet of Everything (IoE), and immersive technologies demand unprecedented capabilities, 7G networks are set to redefine connectivity by overcoming the limitations of earlier generations. This paper comprehensively reviews the innovations and challenges in 7G networks, focusing on integrating advanced AI and machine learning paradigms such as meta-learning, incremental learning, distributed intelligence, and reinforcement learning to enhance adaptability, resource allocation, and edge performance. The review also examines the role of Large Language Models (LLMs) in enabling real-time actionable intelligence and optimizing edge devices within 7G. The paper highlights …

Blockchain technology, renowned for its ability to securely store data, hashes, and signatures permanently, faces unprecedented challenges in secure Consumer IoT (CIoT) networks with the advent of quantum computing. This paper proposes a set of robust quantum-based protocols and techniques to address these challenges by enhancing the security, scalability, and reliability of CIoT systems in the face of quantum threats. Updating the blockchain infrastructure is imperative to ensure ongoing security, which involves forks or protocol adjustments to establish new post-quantum chains and addresses, requiring rapid data and asset migration by users. Blockchain guarantees data integrity through an immutable ledger of transactions distributed via cryptographic hashes. The proposed quantum protocols and techniques enhance scalability and reliability and address the unique security needs of both commercial …

Online voting is gaining traction in contemporary society to reduce costs and boost voter turnout, allowing individuals to cast their ballots from anywhere with an internet connection. This innovation is cautiously met due to the inherent security risks, where a single vulnerability can lead to widespread vote manipulation. Blockchain technology has emerged as a promising solution to address these concerns and create a trustworthy electoral process. Blockchain offers a decentralized network of nodes that enhances transparency, security, and verifiability. Its distributed ledger and non‐repudiation features make it a compelling alternative to traditional electronic voting systems, ensuring the integrity of elections. To further bolster the security of online voting, we propose DemocracyGuard platform on the Ethereum blockchain, which incorporates facial recognition technology to authenticate voters. By leveraging these …

Data converters significantly contribute to efficient and accurate data processing in Internet of Things (IoT) systems. As IoT expands into agriculture, industrial automation, and healthcare (AIH), precise and low-power data conversion has become crucial to support longer battery life and reliable performance in IoT devices. Efficient data converters are key to reducing energy use, especially in components like comparator circuits, which consume significant energy in successive approximation register analog-to-digital converters (SAR ADCs). This survey provides an in-depth review of recent developments in low-power data converter design, examining techniques that help reduce power consumption at various stages. It emphasizes advancements, such as energy scaling, dynamic voltage references, and architectural optimizations that enhance efficiency without compromising performance. A specific analysis of …

Location-Based Services (LBS) have greatly improved efficiency and functionality in various domains, but privacy and security concerns remain due to the centralized nature of many existing systems. To address these issues, this paper introduces the V-Track system, a decentralized architecture using blockchain technology for reliable vehicle location verification. By integrating GPS devices (SparkFun GPS NEO-M9), IoT-enabled sensors, and a Cosmos blockchain-based ledger (network of interconnected blockchains), V-Track aims to solve centralized LBS problems. Through rigorous simulation experiments, this paper evaluates the performance and security of the V-Track system and demonstrates its potential to provide reliable location verification while preserving user privacy. This paper makes significant contributions by presenting V-Track as a decentralized solution to centralized LBS privacy and security …

The traditional landscape of vehicle lifecycle management systems has several issues, including widespread fraud, opaque processes, and limited accessibility. As a result, there is a need for a paradigm change toward modernized vehicle management techniques, which is connected with the emergence of Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS). This work is a novel solution in the shape of a Blockchain-Assisted Vehicle State Tracking System that is claimed to transform how automobiles are identified, registered, tracked, and controlled inside an Intelligent Transport System. The proposed model offers a secure, auditable ledger for tracking vehicle states. Incorporating federated learning-based predictive maintenance ensures timely servicing while protecting the privacy of user data. This paper explores the intricate architecture and promising capabilities to not only address the shortcomings of existing frameworks but …

In a classical computer, the computation is based on transistors which encode the information in bits and usually vulnerable to attack by professional attackers. In quantum computing, the computation is based on qubits. Using single-qubit the information is encoded in the combination of two bits. Quantum computing is a completely new technology that holds all the characteristic of quantum mechanics to solve a particular problem faster than a classical computer. For solving these problems, a scientist uses a “logical qubit” since classical computer bits consist of mechanical relays or vacuum tubes which is possible to flip unexpectedly. It is possible to create quantum algorithms using qubit that run faster than classical algorithms and these algorithms reduce the time complexity and also it is impossible for the attackers to attack. There are some most popular algorithms which are possible in the quantum world, and …

electric vehicles (EVs) are becoming more popular as people try to live more eco-friendly ways. A major challenge slowing down their widespread adoption is limited driving range and inadequate charging infrastructure, particularly in rural and highway areas where charging station deployment remains uneven. This article proposed a blockchain-based framework for vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-grid (V2G) energy trading to address these challenges, enabling efficient decentralized energy exchanges. The framework integrates three-game theory (GT) models, contract theory, Bayesian GT, and evolutionary GT to optimize trading strategies, ensure fairness, and enhance grid stability. By utilizing a lightweight blockchain architecture on Hyperledger Fabric, the proposed system ensures secure, transparent, and efficient transactions while reducing operational costs. The performance evaluations show that …

Blockchain Networks (BCNs) have become critical in various applications, and ensuring their security against cyber threats is essential for maintaining their reliability and confidentiality. This paper investigates the crucial role of Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) in enhancing the security of BCNs, particularly in the context of real-time vehicle monitoring. The study begins with a thorough overview of blockchain technology, highlighting key security challenges such as vulnerabilities in smart contracts, the risk of 51% attack, and regulatory compliance issues. It emphasizes the need for robust security measures, with IDS emerging as a vital defense mechanism. IDS employs advanced techniques, including signature-based detection, anomaly detection, and behavioral analysis, to monitor network traffic and user activities, thereby improving the resilience of BCNs by identifying and addressing potential threats in real …

Evidence plays a crucial role in judicial systems, and managing it securely and efficiently ensures justice. This paper introduces Decentralized Trust, a framework that combines blockchain technology, Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs), and fog computing to address common issues like tampering, delays, and reliance on centralized systems. Traditional methods that depend on cloud computing often face high latency and slow processing, especially in remote areas. This research also builds upon the challenges identified in previous studies, such as tampering vulnerabilities, inefficiencies in evidence processing, and accessibility issues in underserved regions, providing a novel and comprehensive solution through Decentralized Trust. Fog computing handles tasks closer to where data is created, reducing delays and improving response times. Blockchain ensures that evidence records cannot be altered, while NFTs …

Wi-Fi Channel State Information (CSI) has become a widely studied modality for device-free sensing as it captures fine-grained wireless channel variations that can be mapped to human motion and presence while avoiding the explicit visual disclosure typical of vision-based systems. CSI-based pipelines have been explored for human activity and gesture recognition, fall detection, gait analysis, pose-related inference, and indoor localization. Despite strong results in controlled settings, practical deployment remains difficult due to measurement noise, sensitivity to environmental dynamics, multi-user interference, and system-level constraints in data acquisition and real-time processing. This article surveys machine learning methods forWi-Fi CSI sensing and analyzes more than 65 representative models, connecting algorithmic design choices with implementable end-to-end system design. We introduce a …

As the Internet of Energy (IoE) network expands, integrating Electric Vehicles (EVs) into decentralized energy systems is essential for a secure and sustainable low-carbon future. However, EV adoption faces challenges such as limited driving range and inadequate charging infrastructure, particularly in rural and highway areas. This paper presents a blockchain-enabled framework for secure Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) and Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) energy trading, enhancing energy flexibility within the Carbon-Intelligent IoE. The framework optimizes trading strategies, ensures fairness, and stabilizes the grid by incorporating key game-theoretic models, Contract Theory, Bayesian Game Theory, and Evolutionary Game Theory, which are central to the proposed energy trading mechanism. Built on a lightweight Hyperledger Fabric architecture, the framework enables secure, transparent, and cost-efficient transactions …

Road safety, congestion, pollution, and data security are critical challenges in the development of smart transportation systems. Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs) form the backbone of such systems by enabling real-time communication, accident management, and traffic monitoring. However, the vast data generated in VANETs is increasingly vulnerable in the post-quantum era, where traditional cryptographic methods like RSA, ECC, and DSA fail to withstand quantum attacks. To address this, we propose the integration of the NIST-qualified Falcon algorithm, a lattice-based post-quantum cryptographic scheme, to ensure confidentiality, integrity, and resilience of vehicular communication. The proposed scheme is implemented and evaluated in a Vehicular Network Cloud (VNC) environment on different computational platforms, including Apple Silicon M1 Max and AMD Ryzen systems. Experimental results …

The unique International Mobile Equipment Identity (IMEI) number is essential for identifying mobile devices and blacklisting stolen ones within networks. Current solutions are limited to local blacklists and lack a global mechanism for information exchange among operators. Efforts by the Global System for Mobile Communications Association (GSMA) to implement a common blacklist have been constrained by costs, resulting in fragmented and ineffective IMEI management systems. To address these challenges, we have developed a blockchain-based framework that uses the decentralized consensus and tamper-proof nature of distributed ledger technology to enable a unified and globally accessible IMEI blacklist. The framework is implemented on a permissioned blockchain deployed on the Sepolia testnet, utilizing the Proof of Authority (PoA) consensus mechanism to ensure fast and secure validation in a multi …

In recent years, the automotive industry has increasingly adopted blockchain technology to enhance vehicle lifecycle management and predictive maintenance. This paper presents a blockchain-enabled framework that integrates data from various stakeholders, including manufacturers, service providers, and vehicle owners, to create a transparent and immutable vehicle history record. The proposed solution utilizes predictive maintenance with Federated Learning (FL) algorithms to analyze real-time vehicle data, ensuring timely and efficient maintenance. By utilizing blockchain technology, the framework ensures data integrity, security, and accessibility, addressing common issues such as fraud, data manipulation, and information asymmetry. The proposed system aims to reduce maintenance costs, improve vehicle performance, and enhance user experience by providing reliable and secure vehicle lifecycle …