Interactive Sorting Algorithm Visualizer

Bubble Sort — Deep Academic Overview

Bubble Sort is a classical comparison-based algorithm that operates by repeatedly traversing the input sequence and swapping adjacent out-of-order elements. In each pass, the largest unplaced element 'bubbles' up to its final correct position at the right boundary. While simple to conceptualize, its quadratic asymptotic performance O(n²) makes it inefficient for large datasets. However, with an early-exit optimization flag (checking if any swaps occurred in a pass), it achieves linear O(n) performance on pre-sorted arrays, demonstrating adaptive behavior.